Tham khảo Nhiếp_ảnh

  1. ↑ Campbell, Jan (2005) Film and cinema spectatorship: melodrama and mimesis. Polity. p. 114. ISBN 0-7456-2930-X
  2. 1 2 Krebs, Robert E. (2004). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Greenwood Publishing Group. tr. 20. ISBN 0-313-32433-6. 
  3. ↑ Alistair Cameron Crombie, Science, optics, and music in medieval and early modern thought, p. 205
  4. ↑ Wade, Nicholas J.; Finger, Stanley (2001). “The eye as an optical instrument: from camera obscura to Helmholtz's perspective”. Perception 30 (10): 1157–77. PMID 11721819. doi:10.1068/p3210. 
  5. ↑ Davidson, Michael W; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at The Florida State University (ngày 1 tháng 8 năm 2003). “Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You – Timeline – Albertus Magnus”. The Florida State University. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 11 năm 2009. 
  6. ↑ Potonniée, Georges (1973). The history of the discovery of photography. Arno Press. p. 50. ISBN 0-405-04929-3
  7. ↑ Allen, Nicholas P. L. (ngày 11 tháng 11 năm 1993). “Is the Shroud of Turin the first recorded photograph?” (PDF). The South African Journal of Art History: 23–32. 
  8. ↑ Allen, Nicholas P. L. (1994). “A reappraisal of late thirteenth-century responses to the Shroud of Lirey-Chambéry-Turin: encolpia of the Eucharist, vera eikon or supreme relic?”. The Southern African Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 4 (1): 62–94. 
  9. ↑ Allen, Nicholas P. L. "Verification of the Nature and Causes of the Photo-negative Images on the Shroud of Lirey-Chambéry-Turin". unisa.ac.za
  10. 1 2 Gernsheim, Helmut (1986). A concise history of photography. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 3–4. ISBN 0-486-25128-4
  11. ↑ Gernsheim, Helmut and Gernsheim, Alison (1955) The history of photography from the earliest use of the camera obscura in the eleventh century up to 1914. Oxford University Press. p. 20.
  12. ↑ “The First Photograph – Heliography”. Truy cập ngày 29 tháng 9 năm 2009. from Helmut Gernsheim's article, "The 150th Anniversary of Photography," in History of Photography, Vol. I, No. 1, January 1977:...In 1822, Niépce coated a glass plate... The sunlight passing through... This first permanent example... was destroyed... some years later. 
  13. ↑ Litchfield, R. 1903. "Tom Wedgwood, the First Photographer: An Account of His Life." London, Duckworth and Co. See Chapter XIII. Includes the complete text of Humphry Davy's 1802 paper, which is the only known contemporary record of Wedgwood's experiments. (Retrieved 7 May 2013 via archive.org).

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